Intelligent Transportation

ABSTRACT:

      Modern life demand increase mobility. Frequently it is secured trough ever increase use of private cars.  the resulting burden on transportation on infrastructures that are  already heavily stretched, particularly in urban areas, are multiplying the very freedom of movement that motorcars have provided is now being reduced by with various chronic congestion. Our cities have responded to the evolving crisis with various policies, which try to reconcile the almost insatiable demand for increased mobility with the need to reduce traffic jams, protect the environment, and ensure the safe and efficient operation of our transportation systems.

              Among, them intelligent transport system emerges to be important concept and is being used all over the world. Interest in I.T.S comes from the problems caused by traffic congestion and a synergy of new information technology for simulation, real-time control, and communications networks. Traffic congestion has been increasing worldwide as a result of increased motorization, urbanization, population growth, and changes in population density. Congestion reduces efficiency of transportation infrastructure and increases travel time, air pollution, and fuel consumption.

INTRODUCTION:

                Intelligent transport systems vary in technologies applied, from basic management systems such as car navigation; traffic signal control systems; container management systems; variable message signs; automatic number plate recognition or speed cameras to monitor applications, such as security CCTV systems; and to more advanced applications that integrate live data and feedback from a number of other sources, such as parking guidance and information systems; weather information; bridge deicing systems; and the like. Additionally, predictive techniques are being developed to allow advanced modeling and comparison with historical baseline data. Some of the constituent technologies typically implemented in I.T.S are described in the following sections.

 FLEET MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS:

                     Fleet management is the management of a company's vehicle fleet. Fleet management includes commercial motor vehicles such as cars, and trucks. Fleet (vehicle) management can include a range of functions, such as vehicle financing, vehicle maintenance, driver management, speed management, fuel management and health and safety management. Fleet Management is a function which allows companies which rely on transportation in their business to remove or minimize the risks associated with vehicle investment, improving efficiency, productivity and reducing their overall transportation and staff costs, providing 100% compliance with government legislation (duty of care) and many more. These functions can be dealt with by either an in-house fleet-management department or an outsourced fleet-management provider. According to market research from the independent analyst firm Berg Insight, the number of fleet management units deployed in commercial fleets in Europe will grow from 1.5 million units in 2009 to 4 million in 2014. Even though the overall penetration level is just a few percent, some segments such as road transport will attain adoption rates above 30 percent.

Vehicle tracking:

     The most basic function in all fleet management system, is the vehicle tracking component. This component is usually GPS-based, but sometimes it can be based on GLONASS or a Cellular triangulation platform. Once vehicle location, direction and speed are determined from the GPS components, additional tracking capabilities transmit this to a fleet management software application. Methods information for data transmission includes both terrestrial and satellite. Satellite tracking communications, while more expensive, are critical if vehicle tracking is to work in remote environments without interruption. Users can see actual, real-time locations of their fleet on a map. This is often used to quickly respond.