ADVANTAGES OF NS

ADVANTAGES OF NS:

·         Cessation of contamination caused by micro silica solid particles.

·         Lower cost per building site.

·         Concrete with high initial and final compressive and tensile strengths.

·         Concrete with good workability.

·         Cessation of super plasticizing   utilization.

·         Cessation of silicosis risk.

·         High impermeability.

·         Partial replacement of cement by Nanosilica.

·          During the moisturizing reaction of the cement, the silica produces CSH particles,    the “glue” of the concrete ensuring the cohesion of all the particles.

·         Concrete with nS has a specific  area to1000m²/gr (micro silica has only 20m²/gr) and a particle size of 5nm to 250 nm

           As a consequence of its size, concrete produces nano crystals of CSH, filling up all the micro pores and micro spaces which were left empty in traditional concrete production.
 

Concrete allows saving in between 35% and 50% of the used cement. We do stress that we recommend changing the formula of the concrete in order to take advantage of the characteristics of the concrete Nano silica particle.

CONSIDERABLE FEATURES OF NANO SILICA:

 When compared to relative materials that are used as additives in concrete like micro silica or silica fumes nS exhibits enhanced properties.

For instance

·         nS is of low cost when compared to micro silica

•  It is having greater mechanical properties like compressive and split strength
• Greater water absorption, workability and also durability when compared to micro silica.
• It is eco-friendly mainly because of its physical state.

·         Moreover it is operator friendly.

·         Consumption of cement can be reduced as nS acts as puzzolanic material.

·         On the whole, cost of construction can be reduced and it is standing by economic side.

PRODUCTION METHODS OF NANOSILICA:

There are different methods to produce nS products.

(1) One production method is based on a sol-gel process (organic or water route) at room temperature.

(2) Another production method is based on vaporization of silica.  

(3) Estevezetal biological method .

(4)  precipitation method.  

(5) Finally, nano-silica (ns) is being developed via an alternative production route.   This is one of the most feasible method highly for industrial purpose.

The olivine silica process will be described, using sulphuric acid as an example. In the first section the acid is neutralized at elevated temperatures with ground forsteritic olivine rock. Secured Loan Calculator
 

The reaction goes to completion (pH 9-10) even at room temperature but for an industrial application, the reaction rate has to be increased, e.g. by increasing the temperature or the surface area of the olivine. The neutralization yields a mixture of a magnesium/iron salt solution, precipitated silica and unreacted olivine. In the next process the unreacted olivine and inert minerals are removed from the reaction suspension by a gravitational separation. Subsequently the precipitated silica is separated from the solution by filtration and Washing steps.  Purchase Structured Settlements.
 

CONCLUSIONS:

A new nano-silica (nS) can be produced in high quantities and for low prices that allows for a mass application in concrete. It may replace cement in the mix, which is the most costly and environmentally unfriendly component in concrete. The use of nS makes concrete financially more attractive and reduces the CO2 footprint of the produced concrete products. The nS will also increase the product properties of the concrete: the workability and the properties in hardened state, enabling the development of High performance concretes (HPC) for extreme constructions. That means that a concrete with better performance, lower costs and an improved ecological footprint can be designed. Also further research is required to modify the production methods of nS in order to avoid the formation of agglomerates such as the development of nS products in liquid state, application of surfactants, ultrasonification and microwave drying, and to achieve better dispersion of developed nS from  olivine dissolution. Mesothelioma Lawyers San Diego.
 

NANAO-SILICA SOLUTIONS

ABSTRACT

Concrete is the most common used material for construction and its design consumes almost the total cement production in the world. The use of large quantities of cement produces increasing CO2 emissions, and as a consequence of this is the green house effect. A method to reduce the cement content in concrete mixes is the use of silica fines. One of the silica fines with high potential as cement replacement and as concrete additive is nano-silica (nS). However, the commercial nS is synthesized in a rather complex way, resulting in high purity and complex processes that make them non-feasible for the construction industry. In recent years a new nano-silica is produced from olivine. This nS, as well as commercially available nS, will be applied and tested.

This paper aims to present the state of the art of nS application in concrete, and in various fields focusing on its properties to render it suitable to be applicable. It includes importance of nS, the nS production process, their addition effect and their application especially in concrete.

INTRODUCTION:

      A long time used material in concrete is for the first time fully replaced by a nano material. It is well known in physics and chemistry that a well designed and developed nano material produces better and cheaper cost results than traditional materials,  the stabilization and reinforcement of matter properties at this level: a thousand fold smaller than the older level: “micro” (0.000001 mt).

Micro silica has been one of the world’s most widely used products for concrete for   over eighty years. Its properties allowed high compressive strength concretes; water and chemical resistant concretes, and they have been part of many concrete buildings that we see nowadays. Its disadvantage, though, has been its relatively high cost and contamination, which affects the environment and the operators’ health  Structured Settlement Investments
 

In the middle of 2003, a product which could replace micro silica seen the contaminant effects, having the better characteristics and at a reasonable cost was on the design table. The goal: silica fulfilling the environ-mental regulation: ISO-14001.

Atlast the challenge was fulfilled. Lab tests and production tests proved that the nano silica did not contaminate (because  of its state), but it also produced better results than micro silica, and a litre bottle of the product was equivalent to a barrel full of micro silica, extra cement and super plasticizing additives.

Nano silica giving concrete not only the high initial and final resistance but in addition, plasticity, impermeability, minor final cost of work, and cement savings of up to 40%. Also, it lowered the levels of environmental contamination.Mesothelioma Patients .

NEED FOR THE EMERGENCE OF NANO SILICA:

            Silica (SiO2) is present in conventional concrete as part of the normal mix. However, one of the advancements made by the study of concrete at the nanoscale is that particle packing in concrete can be improved by using nano-silica which leads to a densifying of the micro and

nanostructure resulting in improved mechanical properties. Nano-silica addition to cement based materials can also control the degradation of the fundamental C-S-H (calcium-silicate hydrate) reaction of concrete caused by calcium leaching in water as well as block water penetration and therefore lead to improvements in durability.

CO2 emissions from the global cement industry are significant and they are increasing. Global cement production is currently around 1.6bn tonnes/yr, and through the calcinations of limestone to produce calcium oxide and carbon dioxide, approximately 0.97 tonnes of CO2 is produced for each tonne of clinker produced. Around 900kg of clinker is used in each 1000kg of cement produced so the global cement industry produces around 1. tonnes of CO2 each year. This represents about 6% of the total worldwide man-made CO2 production. This is another important consideration for the development of nano silica. Endowment Selling .

GRC AS A CLADDING MATERIAL

GRC as a cladding material

• The materials have a good resistance for tension. That is the reason why Glass fibre is chosen as reinforcement for concrete. Right now, is used mostly for cladding buildings, lining, sewer pipe, shoulder of roads and etc...
• Compatibility of glass fibre with concrete or mortar helps us to use it easily in our daily project especially for facade of buildings, as we said AR-glass fibre that have good resistance to alkalinity that contains in cement (pH > 12.3) with high level.
• AR-glass fibre can control shrinkage cracks easily; it shows this property particularly in cladding purpose or rendering. Because of most important thing in GRC it is water: cement ratio maximum 0.35, which helps to control the shrinkage and bonding each other by glass fibre.
• GRC can be used as alternative material of natural stone, especially in those countries where stone is less or unavailable. Also for those countries that favour stone only, the cost is higher, but because of less maintenance one can return back this money.
• Changing GRC panel is very easy as compared to other cladding because of making GRC by panel and just installing on the site. Also if broken one panel can be repaired or removed and a new one can be put, but if stone or tile is broken, it is not easy to change.
• This material is eco-friendly material because it consumes less energy during production; one can use to control pollution and carbon dioxide which is dangerous to human life.
• GRC is a new growing industry in India, customer awareness is increasing and more projects have GFRC components.
• GFRC industry in India can be started anywhere. Existing manufactures do not have their units in city industrial areas.
• 9)   As of today GFRC cladding to building surface has emerged as main application on
• Account of reasons as below;
• Alternative cladding materials like glass, aluminium have not performed well in Indian climate leading to
•        leakages, warp pages, panels falling...etc.
•           New York Mesothelioma Lawyers 

*Granite, marble and PCC (Precast Cement Concrete) panels are very heavy compared to GFRC panels leading to site handling problems; there are major procurement problems with granite and marble.

*With GRC claddings building heat losses are minimum compared to aluminium and glass cladding. Civil aviation authorities have already taken decision to go for GRC claddings on their airport buildings.

*Facility to provide, indicate shapes, curves and profiles.

*One can impart any finish like stone, heritage, acid wash, flame hardened...etc on GRC panels which is not possible in other materials.

*GFRC manufacturers work on turnkey basis from concept to installation, where as for other materials one needs more than one agency.

*Suitability in earthquake prone areas.

*By adding suitable additives, GRC panels can be made ‘Green’ which is not easily possible with other materials.

VARIOUS TEST RESULTS WITH AND WITH OUT GLASS FIBER

As stated in the hypothesis these values are obtained from the test conducted by P.N. Shakar  (presently a student of  the postgraduate program at Construction and Management, Department of Civil Engineering, Maharashtra Institute of Technology, Pune)

By conducting tests on various sizes of test specimens of sizes 150×150×150 mm

cubes,  150×300  mm  cylinders  and  100×100×500  mm beams were cast using different grade of concrete mixers as given in Table-1 and tested as per IS: 516 and 1199.

MATERIALS

Cement: white cement

     Coarse aggregate

 Crushed angular granite metal from a local source was used as coarse aggregate. The         specific gravity was 2.71, flakiness index of 4.58 percent and elongation index of 3.96.

   Fine aggregate

River sand was used as fine aggregate. The specific gravity and fineness modulus was 2.55 and 2.93 respectively

.Glass fibre

The glass fibres used are of Cem-FIL Anti-Crack HD with modulus of elasticity 72 GPa, Filament diameter14  microns,  specific  gravity  2.68,  length  12  mm  and having the aspect ratio of 857.1. The number of fibres per kg is 212 millon fibres.

 

 APPEARANCE?

In case of historical buildings if any damage occurs retrofitting with GFRC using grey cement

Cannot achieve same style, it is such biggest difficult task to achieve same aesthetic appearance that we want with grey cement. The innovative application white cement in GFRC we can achieve same aesthetic appearance that what actually we want. Time require for this retrofitting is less.

A balcony for room no.257 at hotel Taj Heritage was replaced by GRC. Original in RCC same old finish (100 years old) was achieved with same style. Austin Texas dwi lawyers .

          Balcony weight: 800 Kg.                                                       

Cost: cost 2,50,000 Rs.      

Duration for replacement: 30 days

CONCLUSION:

GFRC as an engineered material has excellent properties that can be conveniently used for many construction works and it is a suitable material for architects to give life to their imaginations as structures by properly using this flexible material. A properly designed, manufactured and installed GFRC system will provide an innovative and aesthetically pleasing appearance, while often reducing overall cost, onsite labour requirements and shortening construction schedules. Glass fibre reinforced concrete (GFRC) offers an endless variety of decorative and ornamental shapes and forms at affordable prices Mesothelioma attorney San Diego.

       

GLASS FIBE R REINFORCED CONCRETE

ABSTRACT:

Glass-fibre reinforced concrete (GRC) is a material made of a cementatious matrix composed of cement, sand, water and admixtures, in which short length glass fibres are dispersed. It has been widely used in the construction industry for non-structural elements, like façade panels, piping and channels.GRC offers many advantages, such as being light weight,  students debt consolidation loans.

fire resistance, good appearance and strength. In this paper trial tests for concrete with glass fiber and without glass fiber are discussed to indicate the differences in compressive strength and flexural strength by using cubes of varying sizes. Various applications of GFRC shown in the paper, the experimental test results, techno-economic comparison with other types, as well as the financial calculations presented, indicate the tremendous potential of GFRC as an alternative construction material

 INTRODUCTION

            

GLASS Fiber Reinforced Concrete (GFRC) or (GRC) is a type of fiber reinforced concrete. Glass fiber concrete are mainly used in exterior building façade panels and as architectural precast concrete. This material is very good in making shapes on the front of any building and it is less dense than steel. GFRC is a form of concrete that uses fine sand, cement, polymer (usually an acrylic polymer), water, other admixtures and alkali-resistant (AR) glass fibers. Many mix designs are freely available on various websites, but all share similarities in ingredient proportions. Glass fibre reinforced cementitious composites have been developed mainly for the production of thin sheet components, with a paste or mortar matrix, and ~5% fibre content. Other applications have been considered, either by making reinforcing bars with continuous glass fibres joined together and impregnated with plastics, or by making similar short, rigid units, impregnated with epoxy, to be dispersed in the concrete during mixing.  

Glass fibres are produced in a process in which molten glass is drawn in the form of filaments, through the bottom of a heated platinum tank or bushing. Usually, 204 filaments are drawn simultaneously and they solidify while cooling outside the heated tank; they are then collected on a drum into a strand consisting of the 204 filaments. Prior to winding, the Filaments are coated with a sizing which protects the filaments against weather and abrasion effects, as well as binding them together in the strand Glass fibre reinforced concrete (GFRC) consists of a cementitious fine-grained concrete reinforced with alkali-resistant glass fibres. The use of glass fibres instead of steel makes components and structures thinner, more streamlined and ultimately lighter than concrete parts with metal reinforcement. These properties mean that GFRC is used above all in the manufacture and design of very thin-walled, lightweight façades and similar components. Phoenix dui lawyers.

 HYPOTHESIS

Most ideas used in this paper to promote the various applications  of GFRC  are based on designed and analytical calculations by S.S. Pimpkikar (presently Professor and Head of the Department of Civil Engineering, Maharashtra Institute of Technology, Pune). In this paper GFRC refers to glass fiber reinforced concrete  . Test results in this paper have been taken from the test conducted by S.S pimpkikar and the results have been proved experimentally. Many of the content in the paper deal with comparison of  GFRC and ordinary concrete in various aspects like strength, cost, weight  Secured Loans .

ADVANTAGES OF USING GRC OVER CONVENTIONAL CONCRETE

                                        

 White cement, when reinforced with glass fibre, produces precast elements much thinner—typically 10 mm—than would be possible with traditional steel-reinforced precast concrete, where 30mm or more concrete cover to the steel is essential as protection against corrosion. Thinner sections are also made possible by the low water: cement ratio of the material, the lack of coarse aggregate, and its low permeability. As a result, panels of equal strength and function of precast concrete can be produced with thinner sections and therefore less weight. The tests conducted on GFRC in laboratory have shown good resistance for fire, since the major use of GFRCs is for architectural building panels. In these buildings, fire resistance becomes an important factor in design. Tests on telecommunication towers by using GRC with carbon fibre and/or stainless steel bars have shown that GRC can be used as structural material,  car free insurance online quote .

WASTE MANAGEMENT

ABSTRACT:

In today’s changing world scenario, with the increase of population, there is a strong development in all walks of life including medical field which has paved the way for proper disposal of waste generated from modern medical amenities. Bio-medical waste management is an effective and important tool to ensure environmentally sustainable development. Bio medical waste management is a strategy to minimize the threat to human beings and environment. Handling, segregation, mutilation, disinfection, storage, transportation and final disposal are vital steps for safe and scientific management of bio-medical waste management in any establishment. Proper disposal of hospital waste is of paramount importance because of its infectious and hazardous characteristics.

Medical waste has become a serious threat not only to under- developed and developing countries but it can also pose as a danger to developed countries if paid a deaf ear. This waste which is carelessly disposed by health care establishments and research institutions can spread dreaded diseases like hepatitis among people who handle it and also among the general public this being a direct way of affecting. Even the ecosystem is indirectly affected through land, air and water pollution.

However as engineers and problem solvers, it is our task to address the treatment and safe disposal of hazardous waste and remediation of contaminated sites.Pennsylvania mesothelioma lawyers.

INTRODUCTION

Hospital is one of the complex institutions which are frequented by people from every walk of life in the. The hospital waste in addition to the risk for patients and personnel who handle these wastes poses a serious threat to public health and environment. Although waste varies, in most hospitals the largest components of the waste stream are paper (especially cardboard, mixed paper, newspapers, and high-grade paper), plastics (especially film plastic), food waste, and disposable linens (a combination of paper and other Waste reduction begins by understanding what is purchased, how goods are used, and what is discarded, and then is put to use by finding ways to eliminate, reduce, reuse, and recycle materials.data recovery service los angeles.

THE HAZARDS ASSOCIATED WITH POOR HEALTH CARE WASTE MANAGEMENT:

Proper disposal of biomedical waste is of paramount importance       because of its infectious and hazardous characteristics. Improper disposal can result in the following

Ø      Organic portion ferments and attracts fly breeding
Ø       Injuries from sharps to all categories of health care personnel and waste handlers
Ø       Increase risk of infections to medical, nursing and other hospital staff
Ø       Injuries from sharps to health workers and waste handlers
Ø       Poor infection control can lead to nosocomial infections in patients particularly HIV, Hepatitis           B & C
Ø      Increase in risk associated with hazardous chemicals and drugs being handled by persons handling wastes.san diego dui defense.
STEPS IN WASTE MANAGEMENT:

The following are the elements of a comprehensive waste management system: waste survey, segregation, accumulation and storage, transportation, treatment, disposal,

Ø      Poor waste management encourages unscrupulous persons to recycle disposables and disposed drugs for repacking   and reselling

Ø      Development of resistant strains of micro organisms

CLASSIFICATIONS OF WASTES:

Non-hazardous waste
This constitutes about 85% of the waste generated in most healthcare set-ups. This includes waste comprising of food remnants, fruit peels, wash water, paper cartons, packaging material etc.  

Hazardous waste
 Potentially infectious waste
Over the years different terms for infectious waste have been used in the scientific literature, in regulation and in the guidance manuals and standards. These include infectious, infective, medical, biomedical, hazardous, red bag, contaminated, medical infectious, regulated and regulated medical waste. All these terms indicate basically the same type of waste, although the terms used in regulations are usually defined more specifically.  It constitutes 10% of the total waste which includes waste.

RUBBER DAM

ABSTRACT:

 Rubber dam is a kind of water project construction with advanced technology. A rubber dam is made of high Strength and good Discharge the water or air in the dam tube when no need to store water. Advantages of rubber dam are shorter construction period final construction period 3-6 months）. Less engineering budget and it can save 40% than that of civil works. Rubber dam has the features of long service life, simplified maintenance and improved vibration resistance.
      The rubber dam is suitable for the projects with lower water level and large span sluice， widely used for irrigation power generation flood control and urban landscaping.

Colour Rubber dam：

The color Rubber dams are finished with colors outside。The water overflowing the dam tubes looks like colorful waterfall against green bushes around.AS a result， urban areas and gardens where the dam used do not only function for water control, but also help develop water entertainment and tourism.free quote for car insurance.

Arch rubber dam：

Arch rubber dam is derived on the basis of a new type of rubber dam technique, with a curved bar for innovation in the structure. Flexible curve to achieve both the practical and beautiful effect.

Slopes rubber dam:

Beautiful dam dam slope straight shape when the dam bags cloth bags of retaining uniform force.

Book back type Rubber dam:

This rubber dam features are: the cross-section shapes is books structure, appearance overall smooth, dam bag moulding’s, vulcanization one-time in factories, improve the transverse tension, reduce dam bag vibration and dam water spill hit.Consolidating Private Student Loans 
The overflow scene of book back type rubber dam is beautiful, with ornamental effect, the surface of dam bag is smooth, it can be completely flatted when discharge the rubber dam.

Book back type Rubber dam automatic filling and emptying system. Advanced automatic regulation system, liquid level sensors and pressure sensors through the outgoing signal, automatically adjust the dam height and internal pressure, fully automated management, be good for late-period management. georgia car accident lawyers .

   

FIRE RESISTANCE OF TIMBER DOORS

Upgrading the fire resistance of timber doors

Doorways are potential routes of fire spread. There is little advantage in having a fire-resisting door set (door and its frame) if the door is left open during a fire. This can be prevented by having electrically released door hold-open devices actuated by fire detection. Panels above doors should be checked for fire resistance, and the presence of a glazed panel should be carefully considered.

Radiation through the glazed area may be acceptable if transmitted radiation cannot ignite materials on the other side, and this can be calculated. If the level of incident radiation on combustible objects or finishes near the unexposed face is unacceptable then an glass laminate may be used, if the greater thickness and weight can be tolerated.

Timber shrinks when it is heated and loses moisture. This can mean that tall doors may bow towards a fire and, especially at the top, allow the passage of hot gases and flames, Figure15. Extent of bow depends on design, thickness and direction of grain.

Points of door restraint, i.e. hinges and latches, require careful consideration.

To prevent failure of integrity and insulation at door edges, intumescent seals may be used, Figure 16. The data in Figure 16 assumes that there is a good fit between the door face and the door frame and that the gap between the edge of the door and frame is not greater than approximately 3mm. The strips can be preformed and simply placed in a groove in the door and frame. The positions of strips in the door or frame is important and should allow for bowing of the door toward the fire, Such seals on their own will not prevent the spread of cold smoke, and where this is important intumescent seals should be used with smoke seals, the latter being flexible and robust for the design life.

A special design of fire and smoke seal for use with double swing doors.An extruded aluminium section incorporating intumescent material and a neoprene smoke seal is fixed into a groove in each door edge along the top and the sides using metal nails. The aluminium soaks up the heat from the fire gases and conducts the heat to the intumescent causing it to swell as early as possible so preventing charring of the timber.

Conclusion:

• Rags and cloths which have been used to mop up or apply flammable liquids should be disposed of in metal containers with well fitting lids and removed from the workplace at the end of each shift or working day.
• There should be no potential ignition sources in areas where flammable liquids are used or stored and flammable concentrations of vapour may be present at any time. Any electrical equipment used in these areas, including fire alarm and emergency lighting systems, needs to be suitable for use in flammable atmospheres.
• Flammable or combustible should not be stored, even as a temporary measure, in escape routes such as corridors, stairways or lobbies, or where it can come into contact with potential sources of heat. Accumulations of combustible rubbish and waste in the workplace should be avoided, removed at least daily and suitably stored away from the building.
• Do not allow combustible waste, unused materials, and redundant packaging, such as cardboard, wooden or plastic containers and wooden pallets, to build up at the workplace; these must be safely stored until they are removed from your premises. Where a skip is provided for the collection of debris or rubbish, it should be positioned so that a fire in it will not put the workplace, or any other structure, at risk.
• Parts of the workplace which are not normally occupied, such as basements, store rooms and any area where a fire could grow unnoticed, should be regularly inspected and cleared of non-essential flammable materials and substances. You should also protect such areas against entry by unauthorised people.

If the workplace has waste or derelict land nearby, you should keep any undergrowth under control so that a fire cannot spread through

FIRE RESISTANCE

Synopsis

Simple methods are described for increasing the fire resistance of timber floors and doors in historic buildings to help limit the spread of smoke and heat. The methods are chosen to minimize damage to the appearance of the building and minimize the amount of work necessary to do the upgrading work. Upgrading forms an important but small part of the work and should only be done after a full fire risk assessment has been made. memphis car insurance .

Introduction

Historic buildings must be preserved as a reminder of the past and as inspiration for the future. Works of art and reminders of our predecessor’s ways of life may be irreversibly lost due to accidental or malicious fire damage.

A rigorous property risk assessment associated with continuing good fire safety management may be the solution which enables the building to remain free of unsightly structural fire precautions and fixed fire suppression systems. Occasionally it will be essential and unavoidable to incorporate some fire compartmentation so as to prevent unrestricted spread of fire horizontally and/or vertically throughout a historic building. Elements of construction which can often have their fire resistance improved without obvious external damage to the construction or aesthetics, include timber doors & floors.dui san diego.

Fire development

Fire resistance only becomes important when the fire becomes fully developed. Figure 2 shows two real fire development histories, each involving a growth phase, a fully developed phase and a decay phase. The curves differ mainly because of different ventilation conditions. The curves, the results of large compartment fire tests conducted by BRE in the UK, show that in a compartment with office type fire load it is possible for flashover to be delayed by keeping all openings closed – in the test curve for the smaller compartment, panes of glass had to be removed to encourage the fire to develop. Hence closing doors and other ventilation openings not only prevents smoke damage beyond the room of fire origin but can also prevent the fire reaching flashover within the room of origin. This is important for heritage buildings.Personal Injury Lawyer Chicago .

TREE-5

Rowan Tree (Sensitivity) -- full of charm, cheerful, gifted without 
 egoism, likes to draw attention, loves life, motion, unrest, and even
complications, is both dependent and independent, good taste, artistic,
passionate, emotional, good company, does not forgive.

Walnut Tree (Passion) -- unrelenting, strange and full of contrasts,
often egotistic, aggressive, noble, broad horizon, unexpected reactions,
spontaneous, unlimited ambition, no flexibility, difficult and uncommon
partner, not always liked but often admired, ingenious strategist, very
jealous and passionate, no compromise.

Weeping Willow (Melancholy) - likes to be stress free, loves family
life, full of hopes and dreams, attractive, very empathetic, loves
anything beautiful, musically inclined, loves to travel to exotic
places, restless, capricious, hon est, can be influenced but is not easy
to live with when pressured, sometimes demanding, good intuition,
suffers in love until they find that one loyal, steadfast partner; loves
to make others laugh.

TREE-4

Lime Tree (Doubt) -- intelligent, hard working, accepts what life
dishes out, but not before trying to change bad circumstances into good
ones, hates fighting and stress, enjoys getaway vacations, may appear
tough, but is actually soft and relenting, always willing to make
sacrifices for family and friends, has many talents but not always
enough time to use them, can become a complainer, great leadership
qualities, is jealous at times but extremely loyal.

Maple Tree (Independence of Mind) -- no ordinary person, full of
imagination and originality, shy and reserved, ambitious, proud,
self-confident, hungers for new experiences, sometimes nervous, has many
complexities, good memory, learns easily, complicated love life, wants
to impress.

Oak Tree (Brave) -- robust nature, courageous, strong, unrelenting,
independent, sensible, does not like change, keeps its feet on the
ground, person of action.

Olive Tree (Wisdom) -- loves sun, warmth and kind feelings, reasonable,
balanced, avoids aggression and violen ce, tolerant, cheerful, calm,
well-developed sense of justice, sensitive, expressive, well-empathetic,
free of jealousy, loves to read and the company of sophisticated
people.

Pine Tree (Peacemaker) -- loves agreeable company, craves peace and
harmony, loves to help others, active imagination, likes to write
poetry, not fashion conscious, great compassion, friendly to all, falls
strongly in love but will leave if betrayed or lied to, emotionally
soft, low self esteem, needs affection and reassurance.

Poplar Tree (Uncertainty) -- looks very decorative, talented, not very
self-confident, extremely courageous if necessary, needs goodwill and
pleasant surroundings, very choosy, often lonely, great animosity, great
artistic nature, good organizer, tends to lean toward philosophy,
reliable in any situation, takes partnership seriously.

TREE-3

Cypress Tree (Faithfulness) -- strong, muscular, adaptable, takes what
life has to give but doesn't necessarily like it, strives to be content,
optimistic, wants to be financially independent, wants love and
affection, hates loneliness, passionate lover which cannot be satisfied,
faithful, quick-tempered at times, can be unruly and careless, loves to
gain knowledge, needs to be needed.

Elm Tree (Noble-mindedness) -- pleasant shape, tasteful clothes, modest
demands, tends not to forgive mistakes, cheerful, likes to lead but not
to obey, honest and faithful partner, likes making decisions for others,
noble-minded, generous, good sense of humor, practical.

Fig Tree (Sensibility) -- very strong minded, a bit self-willed,
honest, loyal, independent, hates contradiction or arguments, hard
worker when wants to be, loves life and friends, enjoys children and
animals, few sexual relationships, great sense of humor, has artistic
talent and great intelligence.

Fir Tree (Mysterious) -- extraordinary taste, handles stress well,
loves anything beautiful, stubborn, tends to care for those close to
them, hard to trust others, yet a social butterfly, likes idleness and
laziness after long demanding hours at work, rather modest, talented,
unselfish, many friends, very reliable.

Hazelnut Tree (Extraordinary) -- charming, sense of humor, very
demanding but can also be very understanding, knows how to make a
lasting impression, active fighter for social causes and politics, 
 popular, quite moody, sexually oriented, honest, a perfectionist, has a
precise sense of judgment and expects complete fairness.

Hornbeam Tree (Good Taste) -- of cool beauty, cares for its looks and
condition, good taste, is not egoistic, makes life as comfortable as
possible, leads a reasonable and disciplined life, looks for kindness and acknowledgment in an emotional partner, dreams of unusual lovers, is
seldom happy with its feelings, mistrusts most people, is never sure of
its decisions, very conscientious.